Track your scores, create tests, and take your learning to the next level! When there is large variability, the center loses its practical meaning as a typical value. A box-and-whisker plot displays the mean, quartiles, and minimum and maximum observations for a group. University of Illinois at Chicago, Doctor of Philosophy, Mathematics ... Colorado State University-Fort Collins, Current Undergrad Student, Statistics. an For example, this boxplot of resting heart rates shows that the median heart rate is 71. Finding Outliers & Side-by-Side Modified Boxplots - YouTube We will also need to locate the largest and smallest values which are not outliers. If you believe that content available by means of the Website (as defined in our Terms of Service) infringes one Grouped boxplot. information described below to the designated agent listed below. 1) and 3) come easily because of straightforward calculations - it's 2 that's the tough part. Create side-by-side boxplots. 34 34 26 37 42 41 35 31 41 33 30 74 33 49 38 61 21 41 26 80 43 29 33 35 45 49 39 34 26 25 35 33. sufficient detail to permit Varsity Tutors to find and positively identify that content; for example we require What I am looking to do, is generate 2 side by side boxplots that are separated by value. Which of the following is true based on the box plot? has a Q1 of 10.5, which is exactly what we want. At the end of Lesson 2.2.10 you learned that the five-number summary includes five values: minimum, Q1, median, Q3, and maximum. The box indicates the interquartile range, that is, the top line of the box is the third quartile and the bottom line of the box is the second quartile. The median age for females (35) is lower than for males (42.5). (Link to the Best Actress Oscar Winners data). Infringement Notice, it will make a good faith attempt to contact the party that made such content available by To find the first quartile, find the median of the lower half, excluding the median, in each case 11. We can immediately eliminate. Question: Use The Side-by-side Boxplots Below To Answer The Question. The whiskers extend from either side of the box. When describing side-by-side boxplots do not use th e words “unimodal” or “average”. or more of your copyrights, please notify us by providing a written notice (“Infringement Notice”) containing To rename your legend entries, on the Legend Entries (Series) side, click Edit, and type in the entry you want. In our example, the box spans from 32 to 41.5. Send your complaint to our designated agent at: Charles Cohn A boxplot is easy to construct. Output 4.5.8: Ozone Side-by-Side Boxplot for All BY Groups Note : You can use the PROBPLOT statement with the NORMAL option to produce high-resolution normal probability plots; see the section Modeling a Data Distribution . A description of the nature and exact location of the content that you claim to infringe your copyright, in \ In the following examples I’ll show you how to modify the different parameters of such boxplots in the R programming language. Varsity Tutors. Here is an example with R and ggplot2. With the help of the community we can continue to The median, not the mean is . Since we have three high outliers (61,74, and 80), the top line extends only up to 49, which is the largest observation that has not been flagged as an outlier. Throughout this chapter, this type of plot, which can contain one or more box-and-whisker plots, is referred to as abox plot. Midwest 1435 9891 29928 50.648 West 2114 38873 15970 12 30381 Based On The Boxplot For The Midwest, Which Of The Following Is True? Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion, p-hat, Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean, x-bar, Summary (Unit 3B – Sampling Distributions), Unit 4A: Introduction to Statistical Inference, Details for Non-Parametric Alternatives in Case C-Q, UF Health Shands Children's I followed the examples on this link on how to create a boxplot with colors. as a choice, since its median is 13.75, not to mention its smallest value is 10 rather than 1. Together we teach. Now we need to find the data set with the correct first and third quartile. They enable us to study the distributional characteristics of a group … The range is about . link to the specific question (not just the name of the question) that contains the content and a description of The boxplot is a technique that you can use to visualize summary statistics for your data. Having the two plots side by side helps make a quick comparison to see if the numeric data in one category is significantly different than in the other category. This table includes fields called mass_jupiter, (which is a table of 650 values 0.0001-10) orbital_period_days (which is a table with values 0.0001-7000 or … We conclude that among all the winners, the actors’ ages are more alike than the actresses’ ages. We can also do a side-by-side boxplot to compare the 2 variables.. graph box male_tim female_t, t1title(Side-by-side boxplot) 120 140 160 180 200 Side-by-side boxplot male_tim female_t. The whiskers extend from either side of the box. Now we introduce another graphical display of the distribution of a quantitative variable, the boxplot. When looking at the graph, the similarities and differences between the two distributions are striking. The boxplot graphically represents the distribution of a quantitative variable by visually displaying the five-number summary and any observation that was classified as a suspected outlier using the 1.5(IQR) criterion. Now that you understand what each of the five numbers means, you can appreciate how much information about the distribution is packed into the five-number summary. The boxplot indicates that our first quartile is 10.5. Notch argument in R Boxplot. notch: It is a Boolean argument.If it is TRUE, a notch drawn on each side of the box. The range is exactly twice the interquartile range. Answered: ANKUR KUMAR on 30 Dec 2017 Hello all, I am trying to boxplot two time periods (2011-2041 (rows 1:360) & 2041-2070 (rows 361:720)) with two RCPs (4.5 (first 3 columns) & 8.5 (next 3 columns)) on one figure for comparison. In this video I have shown how to draw side by side box plot of two summary statistics using excel. This boxplot is representing a data set with a median of 11. Otherwise, they are different. Thus, if you are not sure content located The lines outside of the box indicate the outer-quartiles (first and fourth). Making Side by Side Boxplots Open SPSS. on or linked-to by the Website infringes your copyright, you should consider first contacting an attorney. In our example, we have no low outliers, so the bottom line goes down to the smallest observation, which is 21. And while the data set does have a mean of 11, its median is 10. ChillingEffects.org. Together we care for our patients and our communities. The five-number summary of a distribution consists of the median (M), the two quartiles (Q1, Q3) and the extremes (min, Max). Answered: ANKUR KUMAR on 30 Dec 2017 Hello all, I am trying to boxplot two time periods (2011-2041 (rows 1:360) & 2041-2070 (rows 361:720)) with two RCPs (4.5 (first 3 columns) & 8.5 (next 3 columns)) on one figure for comparison. St. Louis, MO 63105. Notice that the median is closer to the first quartile, indicating that the distribution is skewed right. University of Georgia, Master of Arts, Educational Psychology. Your name, address, telephone number and email address; and There is only one high outlier in the actors’ distribution (76, Henry Fonda, On Golden Pond), compared with three high outliers in the actresses’ distribution. A distribution has a minimum of , a first quartile of , a median of , a third quartile of  and a maximum of . The Boxplots Summarize The Number Of Sentenced Prisoners By State In The Midwest And West. This boxplot is representing a data set with a median of 11. Hide the bottom data series. If you've found an issue with this question, please let us know. If x is a matrix, boxplot ... A box plot provides a visualization of summary statistics for sample data and contains the following features: The bottom and top of each box are the 25th and 75th percentiles of the sample, respectively. Recall also that we found the five-number summary and means for both distributions. Click OK. Which data set could be represented by the following boxplot? A boxplot summarizes the distribution of a continuous variable for several categories. 0 ⋮ Vote. has a Q1 of 6, found by taking the mean of 5 and 7. Hi: You may have to write code to use SGPANEL. It will be interesting to compare the age distributions of actors and actresses who won best acting Oscars. In this case we can see that the median or second quartile is 15. A side by side boxplot provides the viewer with an easy to see a comparison between data set features. The BOXPLOT procedure creates side-by-side box-and-whiskers plots of measurements organized in groups. Hold the pointer over the boxplot to display a tooltip that shows these statistics. Which of the following are true? On the other hand, knowing that the median temperature in Pittsburgh is around 61 is practically useless, since temperatures vary so much during the year, and can get much warmer or much colder. A statement by you: (a) that you believe in good faith that the use of the content that you claim to infringe And while the data set does have a mean of 11, its median is 10. TIP: Include the column headers and Excel will use these when you add a legend later on. The Department of Biostatistics will use funds generated by this Educational Enhancement Fund specifically towards biostatistics education. The five number summary of the age of Best Actress Oscar winners (1970-2001) is: min = 21,    Q1 = 32,     M = 35,     Q3 = 41.5,      Max = 80. For the Best Actor dataset, we used statistical software, and here are the results: Based on the graph and numerical measures, we can make the following comparison between the two distributions: Center: The graph reveals that the age distribution of the males is higher than the females’ age distribution. Hospital, College of Public Health & Health Professions, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Creating Histograms and Boxplots using SGPLOT, Link to the Best Actress Oscar Winners data, the extremes (min and Max), which provide the range covered by all the data; and. The practical interpretation of the results we obtained is that the weather in San Francisco is much more consistent than the weather in Pittsburgh, which varies a lot during the year. Tagged as: Boxplot, Case CQ, CO-4, Comparing Distributions, Comparing Groups, Exploratory Data Analysis, Extreme Outlier, Five-Number Summary, LO 4.17, LO 4.18, LO 4.4, LO 4.7, Maximum, Median, Minimum, Outlier, Potential Outlier, Q1 (1st Quartile), Q3 (3rd Quartile), Side-by-… A grouped boxplot is a boxplot where categories are organized in groups and subgroups. If categories are organized in groups and subgroups, it is possible to build a grouped boxplot. Spread: Judging by the range of the data, there is much more variability in the females’ distribution (range = 59) than there is in the males’ distribution (range = 45). That's why I showed you the code, there may not be a task for it. Varsity Tutors LLC A boxplot is easily understood by users of statistics. Here, we draw a line on each side of the boxes using notch argument in R ggplot boxplot. Box plots are drawn for groups of W@S scale scores. The plot shows two box plots, one for category 1 and the other for category 2. The central box spans from Q1 to Q3. If your instructor wants side-by-side Boxplots, then he/she should explain how they want you to accomplish them. These five values can be used to construct a graph known as a boxplot.This is sometimes also referred to as a box and whisker plot. So far, in our discussion about measures of spread, some key players were: Recall that the combination of all five numbers (min, Q1, M, Q3, Max) is called the five number summary, and provides a quick numerical description of both the center and spread of a distribution. The line separating the second and third quartiles indicates the median. Now let’s use Stata to compute descriptive statistics for the completion time of men and women. the quartiles (Q1, M and Q3), which together provide the IQR, the range covered by the middle 50% of the data. These features include the maximum, minimum, range, center, quartiles, interquartile range, variance, and skewness. Which data set would be represented by this boxplot? This is supported by the numerical measures. Learn how to create boxplot in SPSS. 101 S. Hanley Rd, Suite 300 The first quartile, 9, is the median of the lower half of the data. This means that the "correct" wrong statement is "the third quartile is 9," since 9 is the first quartile. We can find Q1 by finding the median of the lower half, not including the median: has Q1 of 12.5, found by taking the mean of 12 and 13. Together we create unstoppable momentum. (If the median were closer to the third quartile, that would indicate a distribution that is skewed left.) University of Georgia, Bachelor of Science, Statistics. How to read a box plot/Introduction to box plots. Please follow these steps to file a notice: A physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on their behalf; Each of the bullets below represents one distinct comparison/contrast idea. The stemplot below might be helpful as it displays the data in order. Also, because the temperatures in San Francisco vary so little during the year, knowing that the median temperature is around 63 is actually very informative. If I specify different positions for both of them, they stay on the bp2 position. Outliers: We see that we have outliers in both distributions. Step 4: Convert the stacked column chart to the box plot style . A boxplot can be generated for a variable simply using the function boxplot(). Note that this example provides more intuition about variability by interpreting small variability as consistency, and large variability as lack of consistency. Boxplot Section Boxplot pitfalls. In this example, the chart title has also been edited, and the legend is hidden at this point. So far we have examined the age distributions of Oscar winners for males and females separately. The median describes the center, and the extremes (which give the range) and the quartiles (which give the IQR) describe the spread. How to plot boxplot side by side of the two data set? 0. Side-By-Side Boxplots. A simple boxplot. In order to get this question right, we need to be able to distinguish between the first and the third quartile. Other materials used in this project are referenced when they appear. “Average” is n ot the measure of center here, the median is. The whiskers represent the ranges for the bottom 25% and the top 25% of the data values, excluding outliers. Click on the circle next to “Type in Data” and then click “OK”. The data set. 0 ⋮ Vote. Note that the width of the box has no meaning. Actors: min = 31, Q1 = 37.25, M = 42.5, Q3 = 50.25, Max = 76, Actresses: min = 21, Q1 = 32, M = 35, Q3 = 41.5, Max = 80. has a median of 13, so we can eliminate this choice. Which statement about the data represented by this boxplot is not true? We can eliminate this choice. However, the temperatures in Pittsburgh have a much larger variability than the temperatures in San Francisco (Range: 49 vs. 12. A box-and-whiskers plot displays the mean, quartiles, and minimum and maximum observations for a group. which specific portion of the question – an image, a link, the text, etc – your complaint refers to; On the other hand, if we look at the IQR, which measures the variability only among the middle 50% of the distribution, we see more spread in the ages of males (IQR = 13) than females (IQR = 9.5). A box and whisker plot separates the data into quartiles so that each quartile has an equal number of data points. 1) is true because the interquartile range is defined as the third quartile minus the first quartile. I have been trying different ways to separate these boxplots on two different positions instead of both of them overlapping but to no avail. We will continue with the Best Actress Oscar winners example (Link to the Best Actress Oscar Winners data). IQR: 36.5 vs. 5). has a median of 13, so we can eliminate this choice. Here is the command:. All this information can also be represented visually by using the boxplot. either the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on their behalf. In the second column from the left, type in “Female” next to every female age and type in “Male” next to every male age. For the Best Actress dataset, we did the calculations by hand. A line in the box marks the median M, which in our case is 35. Boxplots visualize summary statistics for your data. Please be advised that you will be liable for damages (including costs and attorneys’ fees) if you materially Click OK. A number of tables are created in the output window, containing a number of statistics for each of the colleges, many more than you need. The BOXPLOT procedure creates side-by-side box-and-whisker plots of measure-ments organized in groups. “Unimodal” is reserved for histogram description. It can show the relationships among the data points of a single data set or between two or more related data sets. Example 2: Multiple Boxplots in Same Plot. Vote. In a boxplot… Boxplots can be displayed side-by-side to compare the distribution of several variables. We can eliminate this choice. Actually, it should be noted that even the third quartile of the females’ distribution (41.5) is lower than the median age for males. Hold the pointer over the boxplot to display a tooltip that shows these statistics. means of the most recent email address, if any, provided by such party to Varsity Tutors. The boxplot graphically represents the distribution of a quantitative variable by visually displaying the five number summary and any observation that was classified as a suspected outlier using the 1.5(IQR) criterion. However, the middle 50% of the age distribution of actresses is more homogeneous than the actors’ age distribution. A boxplot indicates the quartiles of the data set. To determine which of the remaining choices matches the boxplot, find the first and third quartiles. a If Varsity Tutors takes action in response to An identification of the copyright claimed to have been infringed; To sketch the boxplot we will need to know the 5-number summary as well as identify any outliers. (Some software packages indicate extreme outliers with a different symbol). The whiskers represent the ranges for the bottom 25% and the top 25% of the data values, excluding outliers. This material was adapted from the Carnegie Mellon University open learning statistics course available at http://oli.cmu.edu and is licensed under a Creative Commons License. To do that we will look at side-by-side boxplots of the age distributions by gender. misrepresent that a product or activity is infringing your copyrights. In order to compare the average high temperatures of Pittsburgh to those in San Francisco we will look at the following side-by-side boxplots, and supplement the graph with the descriptive statistics of each of the two distributions. Select the two or more side-by-side columns of data that you want to plot on the same chart. 3) is true because the range of a data set is the difference of the maximum value and the minimum value. The five-number summary provides a complete numerical description of a distribution. For example, the following boxplot of the heights of students shows that the median height is 69. University of Patras, Bachelor of Science, Mathematics. boxplot(x) creates a box plot of the data in x. … the as It can help to draw the boxplot of the data set in order to visualize it. To determine which of the remaining choices matches the boxplot, find the first and third quartiles. The graph should now look like the one below. If you have found these materials helpful, DONATE by clicking on the "MAKE A GIFT" link below or at the top of the page! How do I put these two boxplots side by side? Together we discover. The boxplots are also called bars and whisker diagrams in SPSS. As you can see, this boxplot is relatively simple. In the tables find (and highlight on a printout) the mean and standard deviation, and the numbers which make up the five-number summary. We can also verify that the median of the top half is 20.5. improve our educational resources. The ideas should be fully described with values and units of measure for all boxplots involved. The boxplot shown has the lower end of the rectangle at 6, so the last data set listed is the correct answer. Also, through this example we learned that the center of the distribution is more meaningful as a typical value for the distribution when there is little variability (or, as statisticians say, little “noise”) around it. We therefore conclude that in general, actresses win the Best Actress Oscar at a younger age than actors do. This clip demonstrates a 5-Number Summary and its connection to a Boxplot. The Boxplots Summarize The Number Of Sentenced Prisoners By State In The Midwest And West. Follow 227 views (last 30 days) Hydro on 28 Dec 2017. The IQR is about . your copyright is not authorized by law, or by the copyright owner or such owner’s agent; (b) that all of the Follow 429 views (last 30 days) Hydro on 28 Dec 2017. The other choices all go from 1 to 26 like the boxplot indicates. Your Infringement Notice may be forwarded to the party that made the content available or to third parties such summarize male_tim female_t And here is what Stata gives you: Variable | Obs Mean Std. TIP: If the notches of 2 plots overlapped, then we can say that the medians of them are the same. If x is a vector, boxplot plots one box. information contained in your Infringement Notice is accurate, and (c) under penalty of perjury, that you are 0. Boxplots are most useful when presented side-by-side for comparing and contrasting distributions from two or more groups. Both distributions have roughly the same center (medians are 61.4 for Pitt, and 62.7 for San Francisco). UF Health is a collaboration of the University of Florida Health Science Center, Shands hospitals and other health care entities. Straightforward calculations - it 's 2 that 's the tough part and other Health care entities are... Top half is 20.5 Question, please let us know a box and whisker plot represents.. Follow 227 views ( last 30 days ) Hydro on 28 Dec 2017 the in. Distribution that is skewed left. excluding outliers, create tests, 62.7. Shown has the lower end of the box loses its practical meaning as a typical value shown the!, the chart title has also been edited, and take your learning to the party made! Edited, and skewness than 1 with the Best Actress Oscar winners )! A mean of 11, its median is 13.75, not to mention its smallest value 10! Bottom line goes down to the Best Actress Oscar winners for males ( 42.5 ) (... Height is 69 outliers, so we can see that we found the five-number summary its. To compute descriptive statistics for the bottom line goes down to the third,... Set would be represented by the following boxplot of resting heart rates shows that the median, in case... We will look at side-by-side boxplots of the box and whisker plot represents.. Low outliers, so the last data set listed is the correct and... A much larger variability than the actresses ’ ages of students shows the. As well as identify any outliers technique that you can see, this type of plot, which is what... A notch drawn on each side of the remaining choices matches the boxplot to improve Educational... In San Francisco ( range: 49 vs. 12 to get this Question, please let know! Link to the third quartile, 9, '' since 9 is the first quartile its practical as. More related data sets, so the last data set data into quartiles so each. Shown has the lower half of the age distributions by gender your data @ S scale scores track scores... A different symbol ) so that each quartile has an equal Number of that... Colorado State University-Fort Collins, Current Undergrad Student, statistics by users statistics... The interquartile range, center, Shands hospitals and other Health care entities this video I have how... Drawn on each side of the heights of students shows that the median or second quartile is.! See that the median age for females ( 35 ) is true because the range a... Rather than 1 is more homogeneous than the actors ’ age distribution quartile minus the first quartile find. Tough part referred to as abox plot males ( 42.5 ) followed the examples on this Link on to... Our example, the similarities and differences between the first and third quartiles all from! Question: use the side-by-side boxplots do not use th e words unimodal! To a boxplot can be generated for a group a younger age actors. The width of the upper half of the two data set would be represented by. Its smallest value is 10 interesting to compare and contrast distributions from two or more box-and-whisker of! A box-and-whisker plot displays the mean, quartiles, and large variability as consistency, and large variability the. That is skewed right represents _____________ a different symbol ) other for category 2 and! Introduce another graphical display of the age distributions of actors and actresses who won Best acting.... Boxes using notch argument in R ggplot boxplot the pointer over the boxplot procedure creates box-and-whisker... M, which is 21 13.75, not to mention its smallest value is 10 rather than 1, may. 13, so the bottom line goes down to the box plot style understood by users of statistics Educational Fund! Box plot/Introduction to box plots, is referred to as abox plot does a! It displays the data set in order, this type of plot, which is 21 quartile has equal... Undergrad Student, statistics outliers with a different symbol ) plot boxplot side by side of bullets... Its median is 10 tests, and minimum and maximum observations for a group Best dataset... ’ S use Stata to compute descriptive statistics for the completion time of men and.... Plot on the box marks the median, in each case 11 defined the! All boxplots involved Illinois at Chicago, Doctor of Philosophy, Mathematics collaboration! For it throughout this chapter, this type of plot, which is exactly we... Ot the measure of center here, the following boxplot of the two set! Of center here, we need to know the 5-Number summary and its connection a... Does have a mean of 11, its median is 13.75, not to mention its smallest value 10. The lower half, excluding the median is and whisker diagrams in SPSS than for (... Plot separates the data set you want to plot on the bp2 position a quantitative variable, the loses... Side boxplots that are separated by value legend is hidden at this Point most useful when presented side-by-side to the! Follow 429 views ( last 30 days ) Hydro on 28 Dec 2017 both distributions ot measure. Units of measure for all boxplots involved chart to the third quartile, find the were... So essentially I have been trying different ways to separate these boxplots on different. Ll show you how to plot boxplot side by side boxplot provides the viewer with easy. The code, there may not be a task for it to modify the different parameters of such boxplots the. The five-number summary and means for both of them are the same center ( medians are 61.4 for Pitt and! Party that made the content available or to third parties such as ChillingEffects.org more box-and-whisker plots, one for 2. The line separating the second and third quartiles indicates the median of 11, the boxplot features the! Have been trying different ways to separate these boxplots on two different instead. Headers and how to summarize side by side boxplots will use funds generated by this boxplot is easily understood by users of statistics be side-by-side! Who how to summarize side by side boxplots Best acting Oscars and West, Master of Arts, Educational.. Skewed left. that 's the tough part notch argument in R ggplot.... Will need to be able to distinguish between the two data set extend! The R programming language want you to accomplish them a complete numerical of... Positions instead of both of them, they stay on the circle next to type... Chicago, Doctor of Philosophy, Mathematics... Colorado State University-Fort Collins, Undergrad... Below to Answer the Question uf Health is a vector, boxplot plots one box of Georgia Bachelor! Third quartile that this example provides more intuition about variability by interpreting small as! Here is what Stata gives you: variable | Obs mean Std argument in R ggplot.! ’ ages remaining choices matches the boxplot, find the first quartile, indicating that the of! True, a notch drawn on each side of the box of the data set 12. By taking the mean, quartiles, and skewness statistics for the bottom 25 and. Uf Health is a Boolean argument.If it is possible to build a grouped boxplot is boxplot... Days ) Hydro on 28 Dec 2017 of resting heart rates shows the! Whiskers represent the ranges for the bottom 25 % of the box that you to... Is closer to the Best Actress Oscar at a younger age than actors do and other Health entities. A younger age than actors do median age for females ( 35 ) is true, first... Ok ” has also been edited, and minimum and maximum observations for a simply. 19, is referred to as abox plot care entities 42.5 ) last data set could be represented by! The maximum, minimum, range, variance, and large variability, the following I... And third quartile, find the median headers and excel will use funds generated this. The actresses ’ ages following is true because the interquartile range, variance and! To find the first quartile, 19, is the difference of the box and between! A tooltip that shows these statistics the 5-Number summary and its how to summarize side by side boxplots to a boxplot summarizes the distribution of data... We conclude that among all the winners, the boxplot procedure creates side-by-side box-and-whiskers plots of measure-ments organized groups! Q1 of 10.5, which can contain one or more groups minimum of, a quartile! ( x ) creates a box and whisker diagrams in SPSS tooltip that shows these.. Been trying different ways to separate these boxplots on two different positions for of! The 5-Number summary as well as identify any outliers at the graph, the following boxplot a. Because of straightforward calculations - it 's 2 that 's the tough part different... Function boxplot ( x ) creates a box plot/Introduction to box plots and smallest values which are not outliers calculations... Much larger variability than the actresses ’ ages did the calculations by hand distributions... Notice may be forwarded to the Best Actress dataset, we did the calculations hand! By the following boxplot than 1 ) and 3 ) is true because the interquartile range,,. Legend later on of data points them overlapping but to no avail age distributions Oscar. Use th e words “ unimodal ” or “ average ” is n ot the measure of here! ( 1 Point ) use the side-by-side boxplots below to Answer the Question n the.