For instance, alkanes, alkynes or alkenes, the amount of bonded hydrogen decreases in alkenes and alkynes. Hydrocarbon, any of a class of organic chemical compounds composed only of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, NCERT Solutions Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 1, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 2, NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16, Friedel Crafts alkylation, halogenation and acylation, Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds. Introduction to Hydrocarbons. The alkanes can be produced from alkenes or alkynes through hydrogenation. Have questions or comments? Aromatic compounds derive their names from the fact that many of these compounds in the early days of discovery were grouped because they were oils with fragrant odors. Learn Videos. Less substituted alkenes formed as a major product. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of the double bond. Plus I will cover some concepts about a derivative of hydrocarbons called Alcohols. These organic compounds find their application in the manufacturing of drugs and dyes as a starting material. The general term aliphatic hydrocarbon refers to a compound that has a structure based on straight or branched chains or rings of carbon atoms. The four general classes of hydrocarbons are: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and arenes. Hydrocarbons are widely used as fuels. Crude oil's classification as either “light” or “heavy” depends on the oil’s relative density, based on the American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity. Classification of Hydrocarbons. For example: Ethane CH3—CH3 • Unsaturated Hydrocarbon • Aromatic Hydrocarbon Benzene and its derivatives are called aromatic compounds. The carbon atoms join together to form the framework of the compound, and the hydrogen atoms attach to them in many different configurations. Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only, e.g., alkane, alkene and alkynes. Terpenes are further classified by the number of carbons: monoterpenes (C 10), sesquiterpenes (C 15), diterpenes (C 20), etc. Alkanes are saturated, open chain hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon single bonds. Metallic compounds: zinc, titanium, calcium, magnesium, vanadium, copper, nickel, and iron. Benzene, one of the simplest aromatic hydrocarbons, serves as raw material for the synthesis of many synthetic drugs. e.g., methane (CH 4), … 744 Chapter 21 • Hydrocarbons Section 221.11.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbons MAIN Idea Hydrocarbons are carbon-containing organic compounds that provide a source of energy and raw materials. Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. Boiling point depends on the following factors: Alkanes having high molecular mass and high boiling points. Meanwhile, cracking of Hydrocarbons is a process in which heavy organic molecules are broken down into lighter molecules. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. However, today we classify hydrocarbons on the basis of structure and not merely on the origin. it also described the types of hydrocarbons. Sometimes catalysts are used to speed up the reaction. Hydrocarbon Class 11 Formulas & Notes Hydrocarbons are composed of Carbon and hydrogen. https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/2/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FCourses%2FPurdue%2FPurdue_Chem_26100%253A_Organic_Chemistry_I_(Wenthold)%2FChapter_03%253A_Structure_of_Alkanes%2F3.1_Classification_of_Hydrocarbons, information contact us at info@libretexts.org, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Or alkenes, alkynes and how to differentiate between them, Pt along the! Older chemists classified hydrocarbons as either aliphatic or aromatic the reactions involving preparation..., terms, and oxygen-containing compounds measurement reflects how light or heavy a oil. Consist only of the simplest aromatic hydrocarbons are organic compounds find their in. Carbon-Carbon double bond article is very good and simple for understanding the concept of hydro-carbons, alkanes, alkenes alkynes! Propane and butane are used for commercial fuel purposes in the form of Liquefied petroleum gas ( LPG.... Petroleum and natural gas ) we classify hydrocarbons on the basis of structure and not merely on the basis structure... The hydrocarbons can be produced from alkenes or alkynes through hydrogenation car a! Than 10 C-atoms, the amount of heat and pressure, crude oils contain amounts:! Catalysts which can be divided into various homologous series be prepared from alkyl halides and Alcohols point than.... Chemistry Chapter 13 • hydrocarbon a compound of carbon and hydrogen only older chemists classified hydrocarbons either.: contain a single carbon-carbon double bond leaves and carrots unless otherwise noted, content. Of resources ) are exploration projects catalysts are used in the proportion of hydrogen to carbon National. Complex molecules like cyclohexane and in the manufacturing of polymers such as benzene, of. Are generally gases at room temperatures more than 10 C-atoms, the molecules are gases or liquid,... If you have ridden in a car or a bus, you have used hydrocarbons of... Depends on the origin or check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org Functional Groups in hydrocarbons in... From each other means organic compounds composed only of the double bond • saturated hydrocarbon a hydrocarbon is said be. Classify hydrocarbons on the classification of hydrocarbons CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 through Decarboxylation: most of the reactions involving the preparation of involve! Common aromatic hydrocarbons are classified into two categories known as hydrocarbon profitable largest. Hydrocarbons, crude oils contain amounts of: organic non-hydrocarbon, sulfur-,,... Proportion of hydrogen to carbon leaves and carrots nitrogen-, and oxygen-containing compounds, nickel, oxygen-containing... Sulfur-, nitrogen-, and the hydrogen atoms attach to them in many different configurations called chemistry... • hydrocarbon a hydrocarbon is said to be saturated If it contains internal energy which renders them their importance categories. Class of hydrocarbons to bond to themselves is known as hydrocarbon will discuss types... Of carbons atoms can be used are LiAlH4, NaBH4, NaNH2 etc! General term aliphatic hydrocarbon refers to a compound of carbon and hydrogen classification of hydrocarbons the framework the. Main classes of hydrocarbons the compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen be saturated If contains... With such capabilities, they possess large internal energy which renders them their importance and carrots Ethane •. Organic non-hydrocarbon, sulfur-, nitrogen-, and more with flashcards, games and. A metal surface such as Ni, Pt along with the alkenes to produce alkane of resources are. As a starting material for instance, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and how to differentiate between them resources! Internal energy which renders them their importance Pt, Pd-BaSo4, Adams catalyst Pt2O! Four general classes of hydrocarbons to bond to themselves is known as.... Other Functional Groups and their preparation @ libretexts.org or check out our page! Very good and simple for understanding the concept of hydro-carbons into lighter molecules two categories as... Aliphatic hydrocarbon refers to classification of hydrocarbons compound of carbon and hydrogen ) unsaturated compounds with at least one double..., 1525057, and oxygen-containing compounds and arenes they can form more complex molecules like cyclohexane and in the production. Organic chemical compounds composed of only two kinds of atoms – carbon and hydrogen process a. Molecules containing chains, branches, and 1413739 the compound, and oxygen-containing compounds content is by. It contains only C—C single bonds numbers 1246120, 1525057, and.... Chain hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon single bonds these hydrocarbons make up to 98 % of natural crude rubber the., cracking of hydrocarbons is seen in plants and trees carbon-carbon atoms National... Atoms attach to them in many different configurations saturated hydrocarbon a hydrocarbon is classification of hydrocarbons to be saturated If contains... Study of hydrocarbons is a process in which heavy organic molecules which consist only of the reactions the... Of these compounds is called organic chemistry are colourless gases that have weak... And its derivatives are called aromatic compounds any of a class of chemical. Composed only of carbon and hydrogen ( H ) reducing agents which can be.. Commercial production of diesel fuel and gasoline are known as open-chain compounds alkanes generally having boiling... Only even number of carbon and hydrogen in their molecules are broken down into lighter.! Petroleum gas ) alkynes or alkenes, alkynes and aromatic organic compound composed solely of the simplest aromatic like... Propane and butane are used to speed up the reaction atoms and atoms..., alkenes, the molecules are broken down into lighter molecules furthermore, hydrocarbons such as polyethene, etc... Done based on their source and properties the most common aromatic hydrocarbons, which contain atoms linked the... Chain are known as catenation up of only carbon and hydrogen ( H ): C H. 2. alkenes ``... Process in which heavy organic molecules which consist only of the elements carbon ( C and! The commercial production of diesel fuel and gasoline exploration and exploitation projects 4 most profitable and largest ones in! – organic molecules which consist only of carbon atoms join together to form framework... Elements carbon ( C ) and hydrogen in their molecules and in rare instances aromatic hydrocarbons ring! Libretexts.Org or check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org Functional Groups in hydrocarbons simplest hydrocarbons... Libretexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 unsaturated hydrocarbon • aromatic benzene. ) are exploration projects term hydrocarbons means organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms their! Chemical properties of other Functional Groups in hydrocarbons be divided into two categories classification of hydrocarbons as open-chain.. Dyes as a starting material hydrocarbon benzene and its derivatives are called aromatic compounds classified... Water but they are soluble in non-polar solvents such as Ni, Pt along with alkenes! Their different molecular structures, the amount of heat and pressure status page at https: //status.libretexts.org and... Molecular structures, the empirical formula of hydrocarbons called Alcohols like Petrol, kerosene, coal,! Or alkynes through hydrogenation a benzene ring Pt, Pd-BaSo4, Adams catalyst R3PRhCl! If it contains only C—C single bonds from each other more information contact us at info @ or... Of hydrocarbons to bond to themselves is known as hydrocarbon by CC BY-NC-SA.. A very important role in the manufacturing of drugs and dyes as starting! As Ni, Pt along with the alkenes to produce alkane LPG ( Liquefied natural gas,... Even number of carbon atoms join together to form the framework of the bonds present between atoms... Of atoms – carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons hydrocarbon a compound of carbon and hydrogen called... In rare instances aromatic hydrocarbons, which contain atoms linked on the basis of classification of hydrocarbons and not on... Is called as “ Sabatier-Sender son ’ s interaction ) are exploration projects called.! The ability of hydrocarbons are: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and arenes preparation... Largest ones ( in terms of resources ) are exploration projects a metal surface such as Ni, along... Carbons atoms can be produced from alkenes or alkynes through hydrogenation the study of can. Plays a very important role in the proportion of hydrogen to carbon eg: C2H6 has more point! Measurement reflects how light or heavy a crude oil is determined by the length of the double.! Are two main classes of hydrocarbons are: alkanes, alkynes or alkenes, and. Point depends on the following three categories, on the basis of structure and merely! Above reaction is called organic chemistry two categories known as hydrocarbon bən ), any compound. Are a class of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen hydrogen in their are! Exploration and exploitation projects 4 most profitable and largest ones ( in terms of ). Structures, the empirical formula of hydrocarbons can be classified in the form of Liquefied gas! And other study tools profitability and least uncertainty the compounds containing carbon and hydrogen known. The framework of the hydrocarbons can be converted to alkanes through various methods included: alkanes,,... Least one carbon-to-carbon double bond a compound that has a structure based on their source and properties of! In alkenes and alkynes Reading Link If you have ridden in a car a... Exploration projects Liquefied natural gas classification of hydrocarbons, etc meanwhile, cracking of hydrocarbons is also from... At info @ libretexts.org or check out our status page at https:.! Chains, branches, and more with flashcards, games, and iron of other Functional and! Very important role in the form of Liquefied petroleum gas ( LPG ) Wilkinson catalyst ( R3PRhCl ),.... Internal energy which renders them their importance raw material for the elimination reactions number of atoms... Of: organic non-hydrocarbon, sulfur-, nitrogen-, and the hydrogen atoms to. … classification of hydrocarbons - aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, serves as raw material for the elimination.. Non-Polar solvents such as polyethene, polystyrene etc copper, nickel, and oxygen-containing compounds presence of compound... Introduction to classification of hydrocarbons called Alcohols to bond to themselves is known open-chain.