On Sunday, March 17th, Muilenburg issued a statement describing steps the company was taking to update its technology. As this important story continues to unfold, The Verge will update this page with all the latest news and analysis. Top airlines around the world must pay handsomely to have the jets they order fitted with customized add-ons. Boeing admitted that the MCAS played a role in both accidents and asserted that MCAS is not an anti-stall system. The aircraft maintenance records indicated that the AoA Sensor was just replaced before the accident flight. June 28 to July 1, the FAA conducted flight tests with a view to recertification of the 737 MAX. Preliminary investigations revealed serious flight control problems that traumatized passengers and crew on the aircraft's previous flight, as well as signs of angle-of-attack (AoA) sensor and other instrument failures on that and previous flights, tied to a design flaw involving the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) of the 737 MAX series. December 23, Dennis Muilenburg resigned, to be replaced by board chairman. The NTSC final report, published on October 23, 2019 was prepared with assistance from the U.S. NTSB. Both crashes are currently under investigation. China, Indonesia, Singapore and several airlines around the world have grounded the 737 MAX 8 after a second crash involving the best-selling Boeing aircraft in less than five months. David Slotnick. Boeing admitted in court documents that two of its 737 MAX technical pilots deceived the FAA about a safety system called MCAS, which was tied to both fatal crashes. [78], ICAO regulations Annex 13, “Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation”, defines which states may participate in investigations. The FAA didn’t change those rules after Lion Air 610 crashed. Preliminary investigations revealed serious flight control problems that traumatized passengers and crew on the aircraft's previous flight, as well as signs of angle-of-attack (AoA) sensor and other instrument failures on that and previous flights, tied to a design flaw involving the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System(MCAS) of the 737 MAX series. “Review was rushed to reach certain certification dates.”. Our hope is to answer all your questions about these tragic events, as well as provide a real-time feed of news about the ensuing investigations. [101] Its extensive supply chain providing aircraft components and flight simulators suffered similar losses, as did the aircraft services industry, including crew training, the aftermarket and the aviation insurance industry. January 7, Boeing recommended "simulator training in addition to computer based training". In February 2020, the global coronavirus pandemic and the resulting travel bans created further uncertainty for Boeing. “And even after we had reassessed it … there was continued discussion by management about delegating even more items down to the Boeing Company.”. When MCAS detects that the plane is pointing up at a dangerous angle, it can automatically push down the nose of the plane in an effort to prevent the plane from stalling. [52] On March 13, 2019, the FAA announced that evidence from the crash site and satellite data on Flight 302 suggested that it might have suffered from the same problem as Lion Air Flight 610 in that the jackscrew controlling the pitch of the horizontal stabilizer of the crashed Flight 302, was found to be set in the full "nose down" position, similar to Lion Air Flight 610. [87] Each aircraft will be certified airworthy by the FAA without delegation to Boeing. Boeing provided several outdated return to service timelines, the soonest of which was "in the coming weeks" following the March 2019 grounding. 3 minute read; Advertisement: The Ethiopian Ministry of Transport’s Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau released its Interim Investigation Report today – one day shy of the one-year anniversary of the crash. The Indonesian rescue team located the flight data recorder on November 1st. Boeing executives and officials from the FAA will be called to testify at the first congressional hearing on the twin crashes. From here … It was the second crash involving a Boeing 737 Max aircraft in four months. All 387 aircraft, which served 8,600 flights per week for 59 airlines, were banned from service worldwide by March 18, 2019. Up Next. The United States Federal Aviation Administration will also assist in the investigation. The airline was owned and operated by Ethiopian Airways and the plane crashed 6 minutes after take-off. Boeing’s troubles were evident before the 737 Max crash. When Boeing induced a stabilizer trim input that simulated the stabilizer moving consistent with the MCAS function, "... the specific failure modes that could lead to unintended MCAS activation (such as an erroneous high AOA input to the MCAS) were not simulated as part of these functional hazard assessment validation tests. The American NTSB later said Boeing made incorrect assumptions about flight crew response. But investigators are focused on a specific tech feature that may have forced both planes into a nosedive seconds before the crashes. Short answer: no. “Pilots are no longer needed, but rather computer scientists from MIT,” Trump said in a series of tweets that didn’t specifically reference Boeing or the crashes. Ethiopia Reveals Intial Boeing 737 MAX Crash Findings. ", "Boeing 737 Max: Brazilian airline resumes passenger flights", "Boeing Max Returns to US Skies With First Passenger Flight", "Boeing Charged with 737 Max Fraud Conspiracy and Agrees to Pay over $2.5 Billion", "Boeing to pay $2.5bn over 737 Max conspiracy", "The US is increasingly alone in not grounding the Boeing 737 Max", "U.S. Senate to hold crash hearing as lawmakers urge grounding Boeing 737 MAX 8", "Trump speaks to Boeing CEO following tweets on airline technology", "U.S. Boeing … “Split second decisions are needed, and the complexity creates danger. The report detailed steps taken by Lion Air, Boeing, and the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the wake of the crash, which drew attention to the automated feature of the new 737 Max … Australia and Singapore also offered technical assistance, shortly after the Lion Air accident, regarding data recovery from the new generation flight recorders (FDR). Black box data from a doomed Ethiopian Airlines flight suggests the crash was caused by a faulty sensor that erroneously activated an automated system on the Boeing 737 Max… The report tentatively attributed the accident t… [93] A recovery procedure highlighted by Boeing and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) after the Lion Air accident failed to prevent another accident of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302. "All the pilots flying the MAX received the training after the Indonesia crash," he said. According to Reuters, the doomed Lion Air cockpit voice recorder revealed how pilots scoured a manual in a losing battle to figure out why they were hurtling down to sea. in 737 Max Disasters", "Boeing 737 MAX can return to the skies, FAA says", "FAA clears Boeing 737 Max to fly again 20 months after grounding over deadly crashes", "Flight control feature of Boeing 737 MAX under scrutiny after Lion Air accident", "The Boeing 737 MAX: examining the design, development, and marketing of the aircraft", "Boeing Statement on Operations Manual Bulletin", "Boeing nearing 737 Max fleet bulletin on AoA warning after Lion Air crash", "Final Committee Report on the Design, Development, and Certification of the Boeing 737 MAX", The House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, "The many human errors that brought down the Boeing 737 Max", "Emergency Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2018-23-51", "In Indonesia Plane Crash Inquiry, New Focus on Possible Aircraft Problems", "Crash: Lion B38M near Jakarta on Oct 29th 2018, aircraft lost height and crashed into Java Sea, wrong AoA data", "Boeing 737 MAX crisis: a timeline (Part I)", "Timeline of the twists and turns in the grounding of the Boeing 737 Max", "Pilot Union President to Call for Accountability from Boeing and Reassessment of FAA Certification Process", "FAA 2018 analysis warned of 15 fatal Max crashes months before second accident", "After Lion Air crash, Boeing doubled down on faulty 737 MAX assumptions", "European, Canadian regulators to do own review of Boeing jet", "How much was pilot error a factor in the Boeing 737 MAX crashes? The Air Current has a great (if slightly insider-y) retelling of the Max jets’ origins. Boeing convinced the FAA that MCAS could not fail hazardously or catastrophically, and that existing procedures were effective in dealing with malfunctions. Pilots and flight attendants opinions are mixed as some expressed confidence in the certification renewal, while others are disappointed as Boeing had hidden an important safety feature to their knowledge. In March 2019, the Boeing 737 MAX passenger airliner was grounded worldwide after 346 people died in two crashes, Lion Air Flight 610 on October 29, 2018 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 on March 10, 2019. At the time of the recertification by the FAA in November 2020, Boeing's net orders for the 737 MAX were down by more than 1,000 aircraft,[5] 448 orders canceled and 782 orders removed from the backlog because they are no longer certain enough to rely on; the total estimated direct costs of the MAX groundings were US$20 billion and indirect costs over US$60 billion. Boeing is facing a US$2.5 billion fine following criminal charges pressed by the US Justice Department for defrauding regulators. In both crashes, MCAS was activated by an erroneous indication from an AoA sensor on the exterior of the airplane. Both crashes are currently under investigation But … According to the Times: For Boeing and other aircraft manufacturers, the practice of charging to upgrade a standard plane can be lucrative. And last month, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 crashed … Its destination was Pangkal Pinang, the largest city of Indonesia’s Bangka Belitung Islands. “Takeoff roll and lift-off was normal”the report begins. On March 13, 2019, the FAA found similarities between the two accidents and grounded the plane. David Slotnick. Joins Other Nations in Grounding Boeing Plane", "Piece Found at Boeing 737 Crash Site Shows Jet Was Set to Dive", "New Evidence in Ethiopian 737 Crash Points to Connection to Earlier Disaster", "Why Investigators Fear the Two Boeing 737s Crashed for Similar Reasons", "Investigators find 2nd piece of key evidence in crash of Boeing 737 Max 8 in Ethiopia", "Ethiopian pilots received new training for 737 Max after Indonesian crash", "Why Boeing's emergency directions may have failed to save 737 MAX", "U. S. authorities to assist in investigation of Ethiopian Airlines crash that killed 157", "France to analyze Ethiopian Airlines flight recorders: spokesman", "The Black Boxes From Ethiopian Flight 302: What's On Them And What Investigators Will Look For", "Data on Ethiopia crash: 'Clear similarity' to Indonesia crash", "Alasan KNKT Minta Dilibatkan Menginvestigasi Tragedi Ethiopian Airlines", "KNKT Tawarkan Bantuan Investigasi Kecelakaan Ethiopian Airlines", "Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau Interim Report", "Boeing Set to Get Blame in Ethiopian Report on Crash of 737 Max", "Ethiopian Report on 737 Max Crash Blames Boeing", "FAA issues emergency AD regarding potential erroneous AOA input on Boeing 737 MAX", "Regulators Found High Risk of Emergency After First Boeing MAX Crash", "Boeing Underestimated Cockpit Chaos on 737 Max, N.T.S.B. In 2020, an FAA Airworthiness Directive[96] approved design changes pertaining to each MAX aircraft, which requires both sensors to confirm activation, eliminate repeated triggers, and allow pilots to override the system if necessary. June 26, flight tests for the FAA uncovered a data processing issue affecting the pilots' ability to perform the "runaway stabiliser" procedure to respond to MCAS errors. AFP. [58], The Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority (ECAA) is leading investigations for Flight 302. The Boeing 737 MAX was initially certified in March 2017 by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). Boeing is to pay $2.5b to settle a criminal conspiracy charge for misleading regulators about the safety of its 737 Max aircraft, which suffered two deadly crashes shortly after entering service. "[74][76], The NTSB questioned the long-held industry and FAA practice of assuming the nearly instantaneous responses of highly trained test pilots as opposed to pilots of all levels of experience to verify human factors in aircraft safety. The bulletin describes warnings triggered by erroneous AoA data, and referred pilots to a "non-normal runaway trim" procedure as resolution, specifying a narrow window of a few seconds before the system would reactivate and pitch the nose down again. December 17, Boeing confirmed the suspension of 737 MAX production from January 2020. And what is MCAS? This system tried to point the aircraft’s nose down so that it could gain enough speed to fly safely. For fleet commonality, MCAS was added so that the MAX would handle similar to earlier 737 versions. | The Seattle Times", "How Boeing went from appealing for government aid to snubbing it", "Boeing refuses to play ball as Dutch MPs reopen 2009 crash involving 737", "How the Boeing 737 Max Disaster Looks to a Software Developer", "What went wrong inside Boeing's cockpit? Unlike NTSB reports that identify the primary cause of accidents and then list contributing issues determined to be less significant, Indonesia is following a convention used by many foreign regulators of listing causal factors without ranking them". So rather than hours-long training sessions in giant, multimillion-dollar simulators, many pilots instead learned about the 737’s new features on an iPad. Investigators have found strong similarities in the angle of attack data from both flights. Boeing believed an upgraded 737 jet, the favorite child in its aircraft family, would help it retain market share in the fiercely competitive aviation industry. That version was the 737 Max airplanes. “There was constant pressure to re-evaluate our initial decisions,” the former [FAA] engineer said. Both the cockpit voice recorder and the flight data recorder of Ethiopian Airlines 302 were recovered from the crash site on March 11th. Its destination was Nairobi, Kenya. Opinion polls suggested most passengers are reluctant to fly again aboard the 737 MAX when it will be reintroduced, while most should be comfortable boarding it again after some time passes to prove its safe operations. The MAX is subject to separate approvals in other nations where it operates. In order to collect payments of 1.3 billion rupiah, or $91,600, families are being required to sign a pledge promising not to pursue legal action against Lion Air, its financial backers, and Boeing. When Airbus announced in 2010 it would make a new fuel-efficient and cost-effective plane, Boeing rushed to get out its own version. According to The Seattle Times, the agency will lend its considerable resources to DOT agents probing the FAA’s certification of the Max jets. Indonesia, for Lion Air Flight 610 as state of registration, state of occurrence and state of operator. We collaborated with pilots, engineers and safety experts to create a comprehensive proposal calling for current 737-8 and 737-9 pilots to complete additional training, thoroughly review technical documentation and demonstrate their knowledge in a … Both crashed jets were Boeing 737 Max 8s, a variant of the best-selling aircraft in history. As China and the European Union announced their decision to ground the plane, the FAA declined to act. The crashes of two Boeing Co. 737 Max jets in five months have focused attention on a little-known device that malfunctioned, starting a chain reaction that sent the planes into deadly dives. The crashes of Lion Air Flight 610 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 have rocked the aviation industry, sparked numerous investigations, and resulted in the grounding of hundreds of Boeing 737 Max jets worldwide. Since the crash of Ethiopian Airlines 302, more than 300 Boeing 737 Max passenger jets have been grounded worldwide. On September 26, 2019, the NTSB released the results of its review of potential lapses in the design and approval of the 737 MAX. Chesley Sullenberger commented upon the "cozy relationship" that exists between the industry and its regulators. As a result, additional flight deck effects (such as IAS DISAGREE and ALT DISAGREE alerts and stick shaker activation) resulting from the same underlying failure (for example, erroneous AOA) were not simulated and were not in the stabilizer trim safety assessment report reviewed by the NTSB. March 20, EASA and Transport Canada indicated that they would conduct their own reviews of Boeing's proposed software update. Relatives of Boeing Co 737 MAX crash victims on Tuesday urged the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) to delay approving the aircraft's return to service, saying there are unanswered questions about its safety. [73][74](p1)[75] The NTSB report concludes that assumptions "that Boeing used in its functional hazard assessment of uncommanded MCAS function for the 737 MAX did not adequately consider and account for the impact that multiple flight deck alerts and indications could have on pilots' responses to the hazard". Airlines must make maintenance and system updates before flights can resume. MONTREAL: An Air Canada Boeing 737-8 MAX flying from Arizona to this city with three crew members on board experienced an engine problem that forced it to land in Tucson, the airline said on Friday (Saturday in Manila). They will likely be asked why the regulator agreed to certify the Max planes in 2017 without requiring extensive additional pilot training. The Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) is an automated flight control developed by Boeing which became notorious for its role in the two fatal accidents of the 737 MAX, killing 346 passengers and crew on board before the aircraft was grounded worldwide in 2019. And The New York Times has a video that explains how MCAS is supposed to work. The participating state or national transportation safety bureaus are the NTSB for the US and the NTSC for Indonesia. Boeing will pay $2.5 billion to settle a criminal charge of defrauding safety regulators in connection with the development of the 737 Max aircraft, which suffered two deadly crashes … The Justice Department has announced that it has reached a deferred prosecution agreement with Boeing to resolve a charge of criminal conspiracy to defraud the FAA. The Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft had been grounded since 2019 when it was implicated in two crashes that killed 346 people . The U.S. But other features involve communication, navigation or safety systems, and are more fundamental to the plane’s operations. Several authorities, particularly the EASA,[88] had decided to independently certify the aircraft.[89][90]. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) resisted grounding the aircraft until March 13, by which time most other regulators had already done so as a safety precaution. Both jets that crashed lacked safety features that could have provided crucial information to the crew because they were sold as options by Boeing, according to The New York Times. On July 1, 2020, Boeing completed a series of recertification flights. [42] As of January 2020, another 400 newly-manufactured aircraft await delivery to airlines pending the aircraft's return to service. [97] FAA requires all pilots to undergo MCAS-related training in simulators. [needs update] With the exception of Ethiopia, the officially recognised countries are members of the Joint Authorities Technical Review (JATR). Boeing has agreed to pay $2.5 billion to resolve a federal criminal case over its deadly 737 Max aircraft, federal authorities announced Thursday. [63][64] Due to this finding, some experts in Indonesia suggested that the NTSC should cooperate with Flight 302's investigation team. In 2017, the 737 MAX entered service. Boeing will pay about $244m in fines, $1.8bn in payments to airline customers of the 737 Max and $500m into a fund for the survivors of those killed in the two crashes. In June 2020, the U.S. Six minutes after takeoff, the plane crashed near the town of Bishoftu, Ethiopia, killing all 157 people aboard. President Trump initially responded by tweeting on March 12th that airplanes had become too complex. All of this for great cost yet very little gain.”, Boeing CEO Dennis Muilenburg reportedly spoke to Trump that same day, urging him not to ground the Max 8. They triggered a hailstorm of investigations, frayed US leadership in global aviation and have cost Boeing some $20b. [54][55][56], Ethiopian Airlines spokesman Biniyam Demssie said that the procedures for disabling MCAS had just been incorporated into pilot training. airliner. For example, at 05:37:53 local time, the crew engaged the automatic takeoff and climb sequence. The DOT’s investigation is focused on the FAA’s Seattle office, which certifies the safety of new aircraft. For each aircraft, the FAA will issue an airworthiness certificate, without delegation to Boeing, upon completion of an AOA sensor system test and a validation test flight. The United States, as state of manufacturer and issuer of the type certificate. At least half a dozen pilots have reported being caught off guard by sudden descents in the aircraft, according to the Dallas News. The Chicago-based company has stopped delivery of all new Max jets to its customers. Since the crash of Ethiopian Airlines 302, more than 300 Boeing 737 Max passenger jets have been grounded worldwide. Ecaa ) is leading investigations for flight 302 jets to its customers were flying in U.S. airspace Boeing executives officials! Second decisions are needed, and the NTSC final report, published on October 23, Dennis Muilenburg resigned to... 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