It is a widespread genus with most species occurring in the tropical Americas, and others in Asia, Africa, and Australia. The database and code is licensed under a Three fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) were obtained from the crude ethanol extract of Alternanthera sessilis Red. Alternanthera sessilis ‘Red’ Family: Amaranthaceae: Common Name: Red Sessile Joyweed, Red Carpet Weed, Bayam Keremak Merah, Red Ceylon Spinach: Origin: - Leaf Colour: Reddish Purple: Flower Colour: Small Reddish Pink and White: Propagation: Seed and stem cutting: Description: Growth Form. Review articles are excluded from this waiver policy. Anti-Diabetic - The antidiabetic potential of Alternanthera sessilis Red was investigated using the obese type 2 diabetic rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin. Flowers. Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Assessed: 2010 Assessor/s: Gupta, A.K. Also, the insulin sensitivity indexes suggested that ASEAF ameliorates the insulin resistant state of the diabetic rats. Briefly, the rats were fed with high-fat diet (OpenSource Diet, D12492) for two weeks. Alternanthera sessilis Red ethyl acetate fraction (ASEAF) was found to possess the most potent antihyperglycemic effect through oral glucose tolerance test. The pancreatic insulin content was expressed as μg/mg wet tissue. Subsequently, 2 g/kg glucose solution (dissolved in distilled water) was administered to all the diabetic rats. where and are blood glucose concentrations at time points and , respectively. Alternanthera sessilis (Mukuna-wenna) is a mat-forming perennial that grows to about 40cm with a spread of 25cm. [10] with slight modification. As can be seen in Figure 7, both ASEAF and pioglitazone increased the pancreatic insulin content of the diabetic rats (). Subsequently, various spraying reagents were used to determine the class of compounds present in the ASEAF. Alternanthera sessilis . B. Pasquali et al., “Antinociceptive activity and redox profile of the monoterpenes (+)-camphene, L. A. H. Borg, E. Cagliero, S. Sandler, N. Welsh, and D. L. Eizirik, “Interleukin-1, J. V. Hunt, C. C. T. Smith, and S. P. Wolff, “Autoxidative glycosylation and possible involvement of peroxides and free radicals in LDL modification by glucose,”. Then, the sample was subjected to centrifugation at 1000 ×g for 10 minutes at 4°C. When hyperglycemia is improved, the rate of protein glycation (SOD in this case) can be slowed down. The supernatant was washed with 0.2 volume of 0.9% NaCl saline and centrifuged again at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes. The salient point is that the decrease in the fasting BGL leads us to reckon that the possible mechanism of action of ASEAF was through the alleviation of insulin resistance. For the preparation of serum samples, the blood sample collected was first allowed to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. L. Quintans-Júnior, J. C. F. Moreira, M. A. When insulin resistance is developed, a vicious cycle takes place, whereby lipid metabolism will be deranged, and more FFA will be produced. ASEAF-treated diabetic rats showed higher pancreatic insulin content and pancreatic total superoxide dismutase activity compared to the untreated diabetic rats. The leaves are used as a vegetable. The mixture was subjected to centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes at 4°C. Four days after STZ injection, the fasting blood glucose level of the rats was determined. 413. Kok Keong Tan, Kah Hwi Kim, "Alternanthera sessilis Red Ethyl Acetate Fraction Exhibits Antidiabetic Potential on Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats", Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Data shown are the calculated index values and are presented as mean, Absence of amino acid but presence of secondary amine, Absence of carotenoid; presence of terpenoids, J. E. Shaw, R. A. Sicree, and P. Z. Zimmet, “Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030,”, I. S. Ismail, W. M. Wan Nazaimoon, W. B. Wan Mohamad et al., “Socioedemographic determinants of glycaemic control in young diabetic patients in peninsular Malaysia,”, I. M. Al-Masri, M. K. Mohammad, and M. O. Tahaa, “Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is one of the mechanisms explaining the hypoglycemic effect of berberine,”, J. Yin, H. Xing, and J. Ye, “Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,”, T. Subhashini, B. Krishnaveni, and C. Srinivas Reddy, “Anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extract of, M. Surendra Kumar, G. Silpa Rani, S. L. V. V. S. N. K. Swaroop Kumar, and N. Astalakshmi, “Screening of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of aerial parts of, S. George, S. V. Bhalerao, E. A. Lidstone et al., “Cytotoxicity screening of Bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts on pancreatic cancer cells,”, A. Borah, R. N. S. Yadav, and B. G. Unni, “In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of. The authors would like to thank University of Malaya for supporting this research through the Postgraduate Research Grant (PS021/2010A & PV061/2011B). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests. Subsequently, the hepatocytes synthesize more TG from the FFA and incorporate the TG into VLDL. The liver abstracts more FFA when the FFA concentration in the blood increases. Effect of ASEAF on the insulin resistant state of the diabetic rats. For the preparation of plasma samples, the blood sample was collected into tube containing heparin. Also, isolation and identification of the bioactive compound(s) that responsible for the antidiabetic effect are in progress. Alternanthera sessilis absorbs the gold in the soil and acquires it in a liquid state. Foliage. The EAF is therefore the potent fraction as it contains bioactive compound which possesses blood glucose-lowering effect. In the case of berberine, not only it has additional therapeutic effect on lipid metabolism but also presenting no side effects that is commonly seen during the treatment with conventional antidiabetic agents. Different classes of compounds were detected by using different spraying reagents. This is because of the compensatory mechanism of the β cells to release more insulin in order to overcome the insulin resistant state. A. sessilis is a pioneer species typically growing on disturbed areas and in wetland habitats, and regarded as a fast-growing highly invasive weed. This plant and the related entity italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. The ethyl acetate and distilled water were removed using rotary evaporator and freeze-dryer, respectively, to give the ethyl acetate fraction (ASEAF) and water fraction (ASAQF). Show More The supernatant was used for the estimation of total superoxide dismutase activity by using the superoxide dismutase assay kit. As shown in Table 1, the HOMA indexes of the ASEAF-treated group and pioglitazone-treated group were significantly lower than the negative control group () and their respective values before treatment ( and , resp.). Alternanthera Sessilis. Copyright © 2013 Kok Keong Tan and Kah Hwi Kim. The obesity induced by high fat diet resulted in insulin resistance in the SD rats in this study. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Traditionally, this cultivar is believed to be able to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Values were represented as mean ± standard error from mean (SEM) with “” represents sample size. It was identified by a botanist Dr. Sugumaran Manickam, and a voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium at Rimba Ilmu of University of Malaya (KLU 47693). Achyranthes sessilis. The cultivar is named as Alternanthera sessilis Red , and it is often called as Hongtyang wu (Chinese) by the Malaysian, Singaporean, and Taiwanese. Seed/Fruit type. This plant has two varieties and those are with green leaves called natu ponnanganni and the other with pink leaves called seemai ponnanganni. Neutral: On Nov 22, 2006, frostweed from Josephine, Arlington, TX (Zone 8a) wrote: Sessile Joyweed Alternanthera sessilis is … The preliminary phytochemical study revealed that the ASEAF contains phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, and secondary amines (Table 2). However, there is a lack of direct evidence in this study to support this postulation. B. Jenkins, E. A. Daley, D. J. Chisholm, and L. H. Storlien, “Development of muscle insulin resistance after liver insulin resistance in high-fat-fed rats,”, G. Boden, P. She, M. Mozzoli et al., “Free fatty acids produce insulin resistance and activate the proinflammatory nuclear factor-, L. C. Bollheimer, R. H. Skelly, M. W. Chester, J. D. McGarry, and C. J. Rhodes, “Chronic exposure to free fatty acid reduces pancreatic, J. Graßmann, “Terpenoids as plant antioxidants,”. Easy to propagate by nipping off the terminal bud and planting it in the substrate. Good light encourages the leaves to turn red. Foliage. In India, in the states of Bengal and Bihar, root extract of this herb is used as a natural remedy for serious eye diseases such as cataract, hazy vision, burning eyes, watery eyes and myopia. Chronic FFA-induced insulin hypersecretion reduces insulin biosynthesis in the pancreatic β cells [22]. Further studies are on the way to pile up more data and evidence in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of action using both in vitro and in vivo methods. Title. This explains the low pancreatic insulin content in the negative control group. Other possible mechanism which might contribute to the higher pancreatic SOD activity includes the increase in interleukin-1 beta which increases the transcription of SOD gene and so the SOD activity [25]. As the diabetic condition progresses, the pancreatic β cells are exhausted. Comments have to be approved before they are shown here. It is often used in either as an accent plant mixed containers, or on its own in landscape beds. Since the peripheral insulin sensitivity of the treated diabetic rats was increased, it was expected that the disorder in the lipid profile of the diabetic rats will be alleviated. [13], 0.2 g of thawed liver portion was homogenized in 400 μL chloroform-methanol (2 : 1) solution. Duration of life cycle. The top layer is the serum sample. It could be considered a ground cover in many circumstances. On day 15, the overnight fasted (16 hours) rats were injected with 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally. How Alternanthera Sessilis is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. ASEAF might have reduced the plasma TG level by decreasing the FFA level as that done by masoprocol, a pure compound isolated from Larrea tridentata. Alternanthera sessilis/Gudri sag/ Ponnanganni is used for medicinal purpose not in Indian traditional medicine system but also in many countries of Africa. The plant occurs around the world. The fasting blood glucose level (BGL) of both ASEAF-treated group and pioglitazone-treated group was significantly lower than the negative control group () and their respective day 0 values () as shown in Figure 2. Introduction. Small, white, stalkless flowers are nestled in the leaf axils in clusters of 1-4; initially sphere-shaped, but later becoming cylindrical. The effect of ASEAF on the liver and pancreas of the rats was examined with the aim to explore more effects of ASEAF. With the undesirable side effects of the antidiabetic agents found in the market nowadays, traditional medicine serves an important role in the discovery of new antidiabetic agent with lesser and fewer side effects. , web interface by Ajna Fern with help from Richard Morris known as ponnanganni an! Would like to support this postulation STZ, the mixture was homogenized for 3 minutes followed! Of metabolic disorders that affect more than 90 % of the genus may be known as... 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