The Ross expedition was a voyage of scientific exploration of the Antarctic in 1839 to 1843, led by James Clark Ross, with two unusually strong warships, HMS Erebus and HMS Terror. It was throughout "splendidly"[22] illustrated by Walter Hood Fitch. Sir John Ross, British naval officer whose second Arctic expedition in search of the Northwest Passage, the North American waterway linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, located the north magnetic pole. [19] Ross joined the navy at age 11 under the tutelage of his uncle Sir John Ross. Ross discovered the "enormous" Ross Ice Shelf, correctly observing that it was the source of the tabular icebergs seen in the Southern Ocean, and helping to found the science of glaciology. Textiles. [13] Both the Erebus and the Terror would later be fitted with steam engines and used for the 1845–1848 Franklin expedition to the Northwest Passage, in which both ships (and all crew) would ultimately be lost. On 21 November 1840 they departed for Antarctica. [15], The expedition's zoological discoveries included a collection of birds. Mount Erebus, on Ross Island, was named after one ship and Mount Terror after the other. Ross became a laughingstock and was deeply embarrassed. [2][20][21], The expedition was the first to describe the Ross seal, which it found in the pack ice, to which the species is confined.[15]. Webster, London (1835) SPRI Library Special Collection (41)91(08)[1829-1833 Ross], Rear … After the embarrassment of his first expedition, in this second voyage Ross traveled to Boothia Peninsula, where he found remnants of Parry's ship 'Fury’. Sailing from London in the small steamer Victory with James Clark Ross as second-in-command, the expedition entered Lancaster Sound in August 1829, ... John Ross and James Clark Ross, A.W. In 1819 William Edward Parry, his lieutenant on the previous expedition, returned to the Arctic, and sailed 600 miles west beyond the "Crocker Hills", thereby discovering the main axis of the Northwest Passage. R.N., to the Arctic regions : for the discovery of a north west passage, performed in the years 1829-30-31-32 and 33 : to which is prefixed an abridgement of the former voyages of Captns. Shackleton- Rowett Expedition 1921-1922 (Quest) Transglobal Expedition 1979-1982. Speculations were plenty, but there was little hard evidence to provide a firmer basis for theories. The voyage would turn into a four-year ordeal. . The expedition was led by a Captain of the Royal Navy, James Clark Ross, who commanded HMS Erebus. . They were described and illustrated by George Robert Gray and Richard Bowdler Sharpe in The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Erebus & HMS Terror. The experience of John and James Ross is instructive. Between 1819 and 1827, Ross took part in four Arctic expeditions under Sir William Parry, and in 1829 to 1833, again served under his uncle on Sir John’s second Arctic voyage. He was not employed again until 1829 when he went on the Felix Booth expedition in command of the ‘Victory’ attempting to find the North-West Passage to the Pacific. The Ross Sea (named after James Clark Ross) is marked on this 1909 map of Shackleton's Antarctic expedition towards the South Pole. [7] Their solid construction ideally suited them for use in dangerous sea ice that might crush other ships. Led an Arctic expedition 1829-1833, an Antarctic expedition 1839-1843, and the Franklin search expedition of 1850. On his second expedition, to what is now Canada’s Northwest Territories (1829–33), Ross Explorer John Ross first voyaged to find the North-West Passage – the seaway through the Arctic, linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans – in 1818. [22] The parts were: Hooker gave Charles Darwin a copy of the first part of the Flora; Darwin thanked him, and agreed in November 1845 that the geographical distribution of organisms would be "the key which will unlock the mystery of species". Ross's objective was to discover, and sail through, a northwest passage via Prince Regent Inlet. Ross thus led credence to the false idea that King William was an extension of Boothia, whereas in fact it was an island. Ross entered Prince Regent Inlet on 11 August 1829, and sailed south as Shipbuilding. to the Arctic regions [microform] : for the discovery of a north west passage; performed in the years 1829-30-31-32 and 33 : to which is prefixed an abridgement of the former voyages of Captns. Other Arctic expeditions had lost far fewer lives, e.g. In 1829 Thomas Blanky signed up for his third Arctic discovery voyage, under the command of Captain John Ross. Between 1819 and 1827 he joined Edward Parry in four more expeditions to the Arctic. A friend named Felix Booth, who was the distiller and sheriff of London, sponsored a new Arctic voyage and cont… By 1836, Ross had spent eight winters and 15 navigation … Prince Regent Inlet. The crew went north on foot to Fury Beach– a journey of 300 miles. He did not return until 1833. Could the Inuit have saved Franklin’s crews? The Victory wintered for the first time at Felix Harbour, where it was blocked in by ice. After a long search, contacts with local Inuit revealed they had all perished. The old captain, now knighted and showered with honors by all the crowned heads of Europe, took temporarily to a sort of retirement. Ross's letter to Beaufort commences on 10 July 1829, in the early stages of the expedition, and after a long account of the outward voyage, the passage through Prince Regents Inlet into 1829–33; compiled principally from the evidence of Captain Ross . . Biography Arctic exploration. John Ross's second North-West Passage expedition 1829–33, John and James Clarke Ross North-West Passage expedition 1829–33, The next expedition to search for the North-West Passage, An introduction to North-West Passage exploration, John Ross's first attempt to find the North-West Passage, William Edward Parry's final attempt to find the North-West Passage. Sir John Ross, R.N. Ross discovered the "enormous" Ross Ice Shelf, correctly observing that it was the source of the tabular icebergs seen in the Southern Ocean, and helping to found the science of glaciology. Here they set about repairing the Fury’s boats, which had been abandoned by William Edward Parry in 1825. Sir John Ross, Knt. nary courage, Ross was knighted and made a Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1834 and was further honoured by various geographical societies. Between 1829 and 1833 Ross spent another four and one half years exploring the Arctic, achieving the rank of commander. It presented an extraordinary appearance, gradually increasing in height, as we got nearer to it, and proving at length to be a perpendicular cliff of ice, between one hundred and fifty and two hundred feet above the level of the sea, perfectly flat and level at the top, and without any fissures or promontories on its even seaward face. The 372-ton Erebus had been armed with two mortars – one 13 in (330 mm) and one 10 in (250 mm) – and 10 guns. Sir John Ross (1777-1856) was a British naval officer and Arctic explorer. The expedition's botanical discoveries were documented in Joseph Dalton Hooker's four-part Flora Antarctica (1843–1859). In 1818 Ross led an expedition to search for the northwest passage. Ross set sail with his nephew, James Clark Ross, in May 1829 on board the reinforced steamer Victory. Title. [9] McMurdo Bay (now known as McMurdo Sound) was named after Archibald McMurdo, senior lieutenant of the Terror. Included in these new coastlines was Lord Mayor Bay on eastern Boothia Peninsula, which was surveyed by Ross’s nephew and second-in-command, By September, they had travelled 250 miles further south into the Inlet than any previous expedition. Between 1819 and 1827, Ross took part in four Arctic expeditions under Sir William Parry, and in 1829 to 1833, again served under his uncle on Sir John's second Arctic voyage. The following August, a second attempt was made and in a twist of fate the crew was rescued by the ship Ross had used on his 1818 voyage, the whaler Isabella. In 1829-1833 he again served under his uncle in the Arctic. During this time Ross’s crew made several overland expeditions, clarifying the geography of the Boothia Peninsula and King William Island. The expedition made the first "definitive" charts of magnetic declination, magnetic dip and magnetic intensity, in place of the less accurate charts made by the earlier expeditions of Charles Wilkes and Dumont d'Urville. Ross Arctic Expedition 1829-1833 (Victory) Scottish National Antarctic Expedition 1902-1904. At the same time, overland expeditions by John Franklin (in 1819-22 and 1825-27), George Back (in 1833-35) and Peter Dease and Thomas Simpson (in … Both Parry (in 1819-20 and 1821-23) and Ross (in 1829-33) made further unsuccessful attempts to find a passage. Second Wilkins- Hearst Antarctic Expedition 1928-1930. On the expedition, Ross discovered the Transantarctic Mountains and the volcanoes Erebus and Terror, named after his ships. The voyage would turn into a four-year ordeal. The correspondence covers general Arctic exploration with specific mention of the British Naval Northwest Passage Expedition, 1818 (led by Ross), the British Northwest Passage Expedition, 1829-1833 (led by Ross) and the search expeditions mounted by the Admiralty and private individuals for the missing British Naval Northwest Passage Expedition, 1845-1848 (leader Sir John Franklin). 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