The loop in the canal also constituted an obvious salient, and Smith-Dorrien had prepared another, more defensible, line linking the villages of Frameries and Boussu. It was fought along the eastern borders of France and in Belgium. A heated debate continues to rage as to whether Rose, a former player who remains the game’s all-time hits leader, should ...read more. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Mons-1914, Military History Encyclopedia on the Web - Battle of Mons, 23 August 1914, The History Learning Site - The Battle of Mons. The most prevalent legend was that of the “Angel of Mons,” who had appeared on the battlefield carrying a flaming sword and faced the advancing Germans, impeding their progress. Now, the Canadians had a chance to capture Mons on the last day of the war. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Operating at the extreme left of the Allied line, the British assumed a position near Mons, Belgium … Thus the first day of British combat in World War I ended in retreat and bitter disappointment, although the steadfastness of the BEF had delayed Von Kluck’s advance by one day. The total British casualties amounted to just over 1,600 of all ranks, killed, wounded and missing, during the Battle of Mons. On April 15, 1920, a paymaster for a shoe company in South Braintree, Massachusetts, was shot and killed along with his guard. Historians have long questioned some details of Tacitus's account of the fight, suggesting that he exaggerated Roman success. The Battle of Mons was the last of four “Battles of the Frontiers” that took place over as many days on the Western Front between Allied and German forces in the opening month of World War I. Britain declared war on Germany on August 4, 1914, and the lead elements of the BEF began arriving in France just days later. The previous battle in the First World War is the Battle of Mons The next battle in the First World War is the Battle of Battle of Landrecies To the First World War index. BEF commander Field Marshal Sir John French soon learned that the French Fifth Army under Charles Lanrezac had been checked on August 21 and deprived of the crossing of the Sambre River. Battle of Mons, (August 23, 1914) engagement between the British Expeditionary Force and the German army at Mons, Belgium, during the Battle of the Frontiers in the opening weeks of World War I. Seven people die from what turns out to be the first cases of West Nile virus in the United States. On this day in 1814, first lady Dolley Madison saves a portrait of George Washington from being looted by British troops during the War of 1812. In his brief film career, the Italian-born actor established a reputation as the archetypal screen lover. These totals were comparable to 19th-century battles between European powers, such as those that occurred during the Crimean War (1853–56) or the Franco-German War (1870–71), and gave little indication of the bloodshed that would become commonplace on the Western Front. The ...read more, On August 23, 1902, pioneering cookbook author Fannie Farmer, who changed the way Americans prepare food by advocating the use of standardized measurements in recipes, opens Miss Farmer’s School of Cookery in Boston. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. A reenactment of the 1914 World War I battle, Mons features some of the surviving veterans playing themselves. In addition, British guns, though vastly outnumbered by the German artillery, gave most effective support. The Battle of Mons was the last of four “Battles of the Frontiers” that took place over as many days on the Western Front between Allied and German forces in the opening month of World War I. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/battle-of-mons. Practically half of these were from just two battalions (400 of the 4th Middlesex and 300 of the 2nd Royal Irish, both of the 8th Brigade in the canal salient). Angel of Mons. The British, after concentrating near Maubeuge, France, had moved up to Mons on August 22, ready to advance farther into Belgium as part of an offensive by the Allied left wing. While the French threw away much of the flower of their army in head-on assaults against the German forces, the great right hook of the German offensive struck the Allied left, falling on a segment of the French army and the small but doughty British Expeditionary Force. The first three—at Lorraine, Ardennes and Charleroi—involved French forces under the central command of General Joseph Joffre. By late morning, Kluck had realized that the British were in strength on the canal and that the troops at Tournai, now known to be French, had retired toward Lille. In these circumstances not only was the planned Allied offensive out of the question, but also the British line was now untenable. The Romans took the battle to the northern clansmen in the Battle of Mons Graupius but exactly where that battle took place is still a mystery The men of the north, the clansmen, had tried to stay clear of open warfare with the Romans, preferring a guerilla war, similar to that fought between the English troops and Bonny Prince Charlies supporters centuries later. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). A canal that looped north of Mons provided a valuable defensive line, while the terrain on the opposite side held numerous difficulties for the attackers. Indeed, there was a delay early in the day caused by a report that Allied troops, perhaps British, were detraining in force at Tournai, some 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Mons. The Battle of Mons marked the first battle between the British & German Armies in the First World War. The Mons battle signified the first engagement between British and German forces on the Western Front, and began on 23 August 1914. The Battle of Mons comprises one of the so-called Battles of the Frontier that took place during August 1914, at Mulhouse, Lorraine, the Ardennes, Charleroi - and Mons. Once Kluck had grasped the real state of affairs, his plan appears to have been to envelop both the British flanks while bombarding the front heavily with his guns. South of the canal, the crests of the high ground afforded the British useful sites for artillery, but the slag heaps of the numerous mines limited observation to some extent. A tedious fight followed. “A” Company of the 4th Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (9th Brigade, 3rd Division) on 22 August, 1914, resting in the square at Mons, Belgium, the day before the Battle of Mons. The battle opened in earnest about 10:30 am with a bombardment by German batteries located on high ground northeast of the Mons salient. Shortly after her escape, Priklopil died by suicide. When day broke on August 23, the British force of about 75,000 men and 300 guns was opposed by some 150,000 men and 600 guns of the German First Army under Gen. Alexander von Kluck. Naval Operations in the Dardanelles Campaign. Mons was the decisive battle of the west. Under the weight of continuing German attacks, by the afternoon the British began to realize that their position in the salient was untenable. The Battle of Mons was a minor engagement, but because it was the first entry of British troops in the war, it was portrayed as an epic battle to the British public. The lead-up to the Battle of Mons 24th Aug 1914 The Battle of Mons At 2 a.m. on 24 August, II Corps was ordered to retreat into France to defensible a position along the Valenciennes to Maubeuge road, requiring a number of sharp rearguard actions against the pursuing Germans. Neither of them wanted or should have met in that place because it is the worst battlefield that can possibly be imagined. In a four-to-three vote by his fellow contestants, Hatch, who was known for ...read more, The first cases of an encephalitis outbreak are reported in New York City on August 23, 1999. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Muddy ditches and barbed-wire fences impeded movement, but clumps of trees and bushes provided valuable cover and were of service for the enemy’s machine guns. In the early days of the war in 1914, British forces had put up a fierce resistance around Mons against the invading German armies, in an effort to hold up the German drive towards Paris. The previous April, the state of North Carolina had ceded its western land claims between the Allegheny ...read more. During the late afternoon and evening, French had been receiving disquieting news as to the situation of the French army on his right. Omissions? The British line was shaped somewhat like a broad arrow with its tip at Mons. As matters turned out, the German attack on the BEF was directed almost entirely against Gen. Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien’s II Corps on the British left, where the situation was not unfavourable for the British. The German army, though beaten, fought a fierce rear-guard action as it retreated towards Mons. In less than three minutes Dan Snow describes the British Army's first battle of World War One. Mons was a bastion of coal mining, whose resources had been used throughout the war to fuel Germany's war effort. The Battle of Mons was fought August 23, 1914, during World War I (1914-1918) and was the British Army's first engagement of the conflict. The counties lay in what would eventually become Tennessee. Lanrezac’s decision, late in the day, to order a general retreat of the French 5th Army at Charleroi left the BEF in danger of envelopment by the Germans, and a decision was made to withdraw the troops as soon as possible. Though Von Kluck and the 1st Army enjoyed two-to-one numerical superiority, they did not make effective use of it, and the British regiments at the salient admirably withstood six hours of shelling and infantry assault. Lie… Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Battle of Mons The so-called “battle of Mons” is due to a set of circumstances that were absolutely foreign to the wishes of the opponents. The German First Army had been ordered to shift its direction of attack from southwest to south, toward Mons, but Kluck was ignorant of the position of the British force. The British suffered some 1,600 casualties, with losses concentrated especially in those units which occupied the canal salient. On 22–23 August 1914, the first major engagement of the British Expeditionary Force in the First World War occurred at the Battle of Mons. About 11:30 pm, he received a telegram confirming that the Belgian fortress of Namur had fallen during the day and that Lanrezac’s Fifth Army was withdrawing after fierce attacks by Gen. Karl von Bülow’s Second Army. After Nazi Germany’s invasion of Czechoslovakia, ...read more, On August 23, 1989, as punishment for betting on baseball, Cincinnati Reds manager Pete Rose accepts a settlement that includes a lifetime ban from the game. The Battle of Mons Graupius was therefore considered an overwhelming Roman victory, but a consideration of the aftermath of the battle calls into question its actual tactical worth. After pushing the British out, the Germans had occupied the town for four years. Updates? All Rights Reserved. But when the French army had been defeated at the Battle of the Sambre on the 22nd August . In addition to teaching women about cooking, Farmer later ...read more, On August 23, 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression pact, stunning the world, given their diametrically opposed ideologies. Jeremy Paxman tells us about the first battle of World War One, the Battle of Mons and private John Parr, the first British soldier killed in World War One, on August 21st 1914. The German victory forced the BEF into a retreat that was not checked until the First Battle of … A cluster of eight cases of St. Louis encephalitis was diagnosed among patients in the ...read more, Natascha Kampusch, an Austrian teenager who was kidnapped at age 10, escapes from her captor, Wolfgang Priklopil, after more than eight years. 5th Brigade were ordered to to act as rearguard and fought a holding action at Paturages and Frameries, with Brigade artillery in … She was well connected in the capital ...read more, On August 23, 1784, four counties in western North Carolina declare their independence as the state of Franklin. The exact location of the battle remains a matter of debate. Many of the battalions defending the salient had taken heavy casualties – the 4th Middlesex, for example, had suffered 15 officers and 353 other ranks … Date of the Battle of Mons (2 nd Day): Elouges: 24 th August 1914.. Place of the Battle of Mons (2 nd Day): Elouges: Northern France on the Belgian Border.. War: The First World War known as the ‘Great War’. Background to the Battle of Mons: The trigger for the Great War, or First World War, was the murder of the heir to the Austrian throne, Arch-Duke Ferdinand, and his duchess in Sarajevo on 28 th June 1914 by Gavrilo Princip, a member of a gang of Serbian Nationalists who objected to the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria. Fierce Fighting into Mons. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Battle of Mons was the first major battle of World War One. The Battle of Mons inspires a great story The story of the soldiers’ remarkable retreat inspired London Evening News correspondent Arthur Machen to publish his fictional story, “The Bowmen.” The paranormal tale was written as a first-hand account by a British soldier who escaped the Germans after calling upon St. George, the patron saint of warriors. Battle of Mons, (August 23, 1914) engagement between the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and the German army at Mons, Belgium, during the Battle of the Frontiers in the opening weeks of World War I. At nine o’clock on the morning of August 23, German guns opened fire on the British positions at Mons, focusing on the northernmost point of a salient formed by a loop in the canal. As many as 5,000 Germans were killed or wounded in the one-day engagement. Roads north and west of Mons were blocked and defended. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Historical map of the Western Front during World War I. The Battle of Mons Graupius was, according to Tacitus, a Roman military victory in what is now Scotland, taking place in AD 83 or, less probably, 84. García became the first Mexican ...read more, The death of silent-screen idol Rudolph Valentino at the age of 31 sends his fans into a hysterical state of mass mourning. German losses are said by official British sources to have been in excess of 5,000 but this figure is disputed. The British commander Sir John French agreed to hold his position until the … On August 23, 1914, in their first confrontation on European soil since the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, four divisions of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), commanded by Sir John French, struggle with the German 1st Army over the 60-foot-wide Mons Canal in Belgium, near the French frontier. Within weeks of the battle, however, British public imagination elevated Mons to mythic status and those who had died to heroes, until the British defeat came to seem more like a victory in retrospect. Mons was also the last place a British soldier, Private Ellison, was killed in the war, and just 2 hours later at 10.58am, where Canadian soldier George Lawrence Price became the very last person to be killed in the conflict. Corrections? After his death from a ruptured ulcer was ...read more, Despite worldwide demonstrations in support of their innocence, Italian-born anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti are executed for murder. Advancing German forces were thrown back by heavily outnumbered British troops, who suffered heavy casualties and, being outflanked, were forced into rapid retreat the next day. On March 2, 1998, Kampusch was abducted from a street in Vienna while walking to ...read more, Allan Pinkerton, head of the new secret service agency of the Federal government, places Confederate spy Rose O’Neal Greenhow under house arrest in Washington, D.C. Greenhow was a wealthy widow living in Washington at the outbreak of the war. The Battle of Mons was the first engagement on the Western Front in which the advancing German army clashed with the advancing Allied armies along the Franco-Belgian and Franco-German borders. Usurpation of Gratian (407 AD) Usurpation of Constantine III (407-411 AD) As described by Tacitus, the Battle of Mons Graupius was a Roman military victory in what is now Scotland, taking place in AD 83 or, less probably, 84. The BEF comprised much of Britain’s tiny regular army, a minuscule force of four infantry divisions and five cavalry brigades when compa… In reality, victory in the four Battles of the Frontiers imbued the Germans with a tremendous sense of confidence, as they continued their relentless advance through Belgium into northern France—eventually controlling the industrial power of both nations, including coal, iron ore, factories, railroads and rivers—and the Allies scrambled to ready their defenses. Though he had landed on the beaches of Normandy and been wounded in battle fighting with the U.S. Army, Staff Sergeant Marcario García was not yet a U.S. citizen when President Harry S. Truman awarded him the Medal of Honor on August 23, 1945. During the first monumental turn of the WW1, heavily outnumbered British troops set out to corner German soldiers at the Battle of Mons during 22-23 August 1914. German troops advancing through Belgium German troops invaded Belgium on August 3rd. Mons was a battle of movement unlike the battles that followed which involved trench warfare. The collapse of the Mons salient inevitably led to a slight withdrawal by the remainder of the II Corps, and by nightfall a new line had been established some 3 miles (5 km) from the canal. German superiority in numbers finally overcame British resistance, and the British were gradually forced back east and southeast of Mons. There is no doubt that Agricola won the engagement and that the Picts were scattered on the field but, afterwards, no advance of the Roman line was accomplished, and the region … On August 24 the British began to fall back in conformity with their allies, from the Belgian frontier toward the Marne. French’s BEF had been originally slated to assist the French 5th Army, commanded by General Charles Lanrezac, in their attempt to break through the center of the advancing German lines. By the early afternoon, the Germans had established a great superiority of artillery, but their advance was slowed by murderously accurate rifle fire by the British defenders. The town was actually held by two French territorial battalions, but Kluck halted three corps to deal with the possible threat to his right flank. The British II and I Corps were practically at right angles to each other and faced, generally speaking, north and northeast, respectively. Directed by Walter Summers. Mons was soon being compared to historic examples of British forces defying much larger enemy armies, such as the Battle … It was one of the so-called Battles of the Frontiers that took place during August 1914 at Mulhouse, Lorraine, the Ardennes, Charleroi and Mons. The BEF had advanced along a 20 mile front along the Mons canal, and were on there left flank of the French 5th army. By the time the battle ended after nine hours, some 35,000 British soldiers had been involved, with a total of 1,600 casualties. Recapturing Mons now, at the end of the war, was of huge symbolic importance to the Allies. The battle was a strategic victory for Germany, as the British stand at Mons slowed, but did not stop, the advance of the German army into France. The German victory forced the BEF into a retreat that was not checked until the First Battle of the Marne. During the Battle of the Frontiers British and French troops attempted to stop the German advance and prevent them out-flanking the French army. Minutes after this photo was taken the company moved into position at Nimy on the bank of the Mons-Condé Canal. The Battle of the Frontiers was a series of engagements between Allied and German forces at the start of the First World War. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. From that time onward the guns were gradually extended westward as battery after battery came into action against the British II Corps. The battle of Mons was the first major battle fought by the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). The exact location of the battle is a matter of debate. It was a titanic struggle that threatened to completely overwhelm the small professional British Army in the hot summer of 1914. The bulk of the day’s fighting thus fell upon the salient formed by the canal loop around Mons, but the envelopment of the British left did not succeed, in part because of the delay caused by the phantom British force in Tournai. In Mons, the Royal Fusiliers 4th Batallion faced the heaviest fighting in the battle and thanks to their fighting they earned the first Victoria Cross of the First World War. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Although thus placed in an exposed forward position, French agreed to stand at Mons with his two corps to cover Lanrezac’s left. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Allied success at the Battle of Amiens (August 8–11, 1918) led to an aggressive "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. On the morning of 3 September, the 3rd Armored Division and other elements of VII Corps were disposed south and southwest of Mons. It was the first battle the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) took part in and was a subsidiary battle of the Battle of the Frontiers where the Allied army took on the German Army over the French Borders. A delayed start and poor relations between French and Lanrezac, however, meant that the 5th Army and the BEF would fight separate battles against the advancing Germans, at Charleroi and Mons. Battle of Mons, (November 11, 1918), engagement fought on the last day of World War I, in which Canadian forces captured the Belgian town of Mons, liberating an area that had been under German occupation since 1914. The retreat and the battle were rapidly perceived by the British public as being a key moment in the war. According to the White House Historical Society and Dolley’s personal letters, President James Madison left the White House on August ...read more, The most famous and widely quoted observation about rock pioneers the Velvet Underground is generally credited to guitarist Brian Eno, who supposedly said that while only a handful of people bought their albums in their original release, every one of those people was inspired to ...read more, On August 23, 2000, Richard Hatch, a 39-year-old corporate trainer from Rhode Island, wins the season-one finale of the reality television show Survivor and takes home the promised $1 million prize. The Germans were cautious about pushing into the town, however, and it was not until after 7:00 pm that they entered Mons. Although the Germans were thrown back, British soldiers sustained fatal wounds. As a result of this battle, troops that should have manned the Westwall never got there. 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